Some Parallels The Era of Direct Current Modulation Methods Deflection Coils
1 1 2 2
2 2.1 2.2 2.3
Second-Order Systems Characteristic Frequency and Q Factor Response Types Resonance Networks
4 5 9 13
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10
Operation of the Electro-Dynamic Transducer Magnetic Force Effects Motional Equations under Current-Drive Effect of Motional EMF Inductive EMF Total Impedance Motional Equations under Voltage Drive The Origin of Sound Directivity and Horn Effect Power Consumption Microphone EMF
19 19 23 27 32 35 37 40 46 49 52
4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10
The Consequences of Voltage Drive Circulation of the Electromotive Forces Microphone Feedback Outward Microphone Coupling Feedback of Mechanical Disturbances Phase Modulation Inductance Modulation Inductance Nonlinearity Resistance Variations Circuit Element Nonlinearities Drive at Low Frequencies
55 56 57 63 67 72 74 78 82 84 86
5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7
The Principles of Current-Drive Thévenin and Norton Equivalents Evaluation of the Driving Mode Effect of Sensitivity Parameters Multiway Systems Suitability of Drive Units Microphones and Phono Cartridges The Secret of Tube Amplifiers
89 89 93 95 97 102 107 111
6 6.1 6.2 6.3
Compensation of the Rising Response RCL Equalization Dual Coil Equalization Equalization Using Two Drivers
113 113 119 125
7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7
Modelling and Simulation Low-Frequency Modelling Generalization of the Analogy Modelling of Voice Coil Inductance Dual Coil Drivers Two Drivers in the Same Space Filter Coils Operational Amplifiers
127 128 132 135 138 139 141 144
8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9
Resonance Compensation Passive Equalization Voltage Divider Equalizer Pole Shifting The Linkwitz Equalizer Equalizer with Active Feedback Equalizer with RCL Feedback Double-Integrator Method Adjustable Equalizer with Fixed Poles Adjustable Equalizer with Tracking Poles
146 146 148 153 155 157 161 166 169 172
9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4
Resonance Variations Current-Dependence Temperature Dependence "Burn-in" UV Sensitivity
175 176 178 179 181
10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9
Amplifier Realizations The Series Resistor Method Current-Feedback Stability Ground-Connecting the Load Using One-Sided Power Supply Bridge Connection The Modified Howland Transconductor A Do-It-Yourself Project Using Headphones
183 183 184 189 190 191 193 194 197 206
11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6
Speaker Realizations Principles of Enclosing Damping Materials Usage of Electrolytic Capacitors Project CS-12 Project CS-8 A Minimum-Phase Active Filter
Measurement Techniques Resonance Parameter Extraction EMF Extractor Capacitance Measurement Inductance Measurement Lossless Current Meter Coil Loss Measurement
252 252 254 260 262 264 266
14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6
Myths and Attitudes The Whole Picture of Electrical Damping Slew Rate Distortion The Plague of Compression What RMS Power? The Real Meaning of Group Delay Music Counts
268 268 271 273 277 278 280
APPENDIXES
A
Introduction to Complex Numbers
285
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8
Properties of Linear Systems Definitions Differentiators and Integrators Time Domain Representation Frequency Response Transfer Functions Poles and Zeroes Minimum-Phase Systems Phase Linearity
290 291 294 298 304 308 311 315 318
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
Frequency Content of Signals Periodic Signals One-Time Signals Continuous-Nature Signals The Relationship between Time and Frequency Domains About Test Signals
